Resumen Los problemas de salud y la producción de alimentos diferenciados influyen en las decisiones de los consumidores y los orienta a optar por productos con características organolépticas particulares. El objetivo de esta investigación fue estimar las preferencias y disposición a pagar por carne de cerdo libre de antibióticos en el municipio de Texcoco, Estado de México, para determinar la existencia o no de un incentivo para la comercialización de carne de este tipo. Se utilizó el Método de Experimentos de Elección Discreta. Los atributos considerados en el diseño fueron: color, contenido de grasa y presencia de antibióticos. Para ello se aplicó una encuesta a 196 consumidores. Los resultados se analizaron con el software NLOGIT 4.0, mediante un modelo logit mixto. El atributo más valorado fue contenido de antibióticos, lo que significa que los entrevistados estarían dispuestos a pagar una prima adicional de $30.65 MXN/kg de carne de cerdo libre de antibióticos. Se encontró que, a mayor ingreso y a mayor frecuencia de consumo en carne de cerdo, mayor disposición a pagar una prima adicional por carne libre de antibióticos. Se determinó una DAP de $5.78 MXN por carne con grasa normal y de $3.73 MXN más por carne de color rojo. Los consumidores de carne de cerdo del oriente del Estado de México estarían dispuestos a pagar una prima adicional por carne de cerdo libre de antibióticos y aspectos de calidad como contenido de grasa y color.

Abstract Health issues and the production of differentiated foods influence the consumers' decisions and lead them to opt for products with particular organoleptic characteristics. The objective of this research was to estimate the preferences and willingness to pay for antibiotic-free pork in the municipality of Texcoco, State of Mexico, in order to determine the existence or absence of an incentive for the commercialization of antibiotic-free pork. The Discrete Choice Method of Experiments was used. The attributes considered in the design were: color, fat content, and presence of antibiotics. A survey of 196 consumers was carried out for this purpose. The results were analyzed with the NLOGIT 4.0 software, using a mixed logit model. The most valued attribute was antibiotic content, which means that respondents would be willing to pay an additional premium of $30.65 MXN/kg for antibiotic-free pork. It was found that the higher the income and the higher the frequency of pork consumption, the greater the willingness to pay an additional premium for antibiotic-free meat. A WTP of $5.78 MXN was determined for meat with normal fat, and of $3.73 MXN for red meat. Pork consumers in the eastern part of the State of Mexico would be willing to pay an additional premium for antibiotic-free pork and for such quality aspects as fat content and color.

Abstract Rural innovation remains a crucial element to solve problems of low productivity in agriculture and rural poverty, rural extension constitutes an instrument of agricultural policy that promotes innovation through its extension workers. In order to characterize the profile of these actors, a typology was made based on their professional attributes and the problems they face. The survey of extension workers of the monitoring and evaluation system of the rural extension policy 2016-2017 was used, it collected information in ten states of the republic and its sample size was 609 questionnaires. The methodology used multivariate statistical procedures, at first, the correspondence analysis estimated principal dimensions, later clusters were constructed to define the typology. Three strata were detected, which grouped the predominant problem and area of the professional studies, this allows a better understanding of the characteristics of the extension workers and establish strategies for solving problems in the extension policy focused on the knowledge of the capacities and conditions of one of its main actors.

Resumen La innovación rural sigue siendo un elemento crucial para resolver problemas de baja productividad en la agricultura y pobreza rural, la extensión rural constituye un instrumento de política agrícola que promueve la innovación a través de sus extensionistas. Con el propósito de caracterizar el perfil de estos actores, se realizó una tipología con base en sus atributos profesionales y los problemas que enfrentan. Se empleó la encuesta a extensionistas del sistema de monitoreo y evaluación de la política de extensión rural 2016-2017, ésta recolectó información en diez estados de la república y su tamaño muestral fue de 609 cuestionarios. La metodología utilizó procedimientos estadísticos multivariados, en un primer momento el análisis de correspondencias estimó dimensiones principales, posteriormente se construyeron clústers para definir la tipología. Se detectaron tres estratos que agruparon problema predominante y área de la carrera profesional, ello permite una mejor comprensión de las características de los extensionistas y establecer estrategias de solución de problemas en la política de extensión centrada en el conocimiento de las capacidades y condiciones de uno de sus principales actores.

ABSTRACT The objective of the present study was to learn the characteristics that affect pork meat consumption in the Valley of Mexico Metropolitan Area. Qualitative regression models (Logit and Probit) were used, and a survey of 440 consumers was carried out. The results showed that the sample of pork consumers was made up mostly of women (91.1%) aged between 30 and 59 years and families consisting of three or four persons. The variables that condition the consumption of this type of meat are the number of members in the family, generalized chicken meat consumption, level of household income, price of the product, and illnesses that restrict its consumption. The greatest marginal effects were caused by the following variables: level of family income and illnesses that limit its consumption, especially the latter, since pork meat is often associated with multiple illnesses. This is followed by preference of meat and number of members in the family, while price was of little significance.